Thymeleaf views from database in Spring Boot

In this post, We will learn how to load thymeleaf views from the database without restarting the spring boot application.

Problems with thymeleaf view files

You have seen how to load thymeleaf templates for views or HTML emails. The problem with thymeleaf views is that you need to make a new build when you make changes to templates. This can be ideal for small projects. However, there may be cases where you need to add, remove, and update the template file daily. In that case, it would be practical to move the templates out of the build.

My initial thought for this problem was to keep a directory full of templates on the server where the application would run. But in most production scenarios, the application may be running on different servers and zones. So it is not a bad idea to choose a database as a template store. A typical spring boot application needs to go through a couple of changes to achieve this. Let’s get through this.

First, you need to set up a database Table and appropriate JPA entities for the views.

@Data
@Entity
public class Template {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Integer id;
    @Column(unique = true)
    private String templateName;
    @Lob
    private String content;
}
Code language: Java (java)

Note that I have marked the templateName as unique. As template content can be quite long, So I marked it as @Lob. JPA handles this column as a BLOB or a TEXT column in the database.

I have defined a JpaRepository to query these entities.

@Repository
public interface TemplateRepository extends JpaRepository<Template, Integer> {
    
    Template findByTemplateName(String templateName);

}
Code language: Java (java)

Implementing StringTemplateResolver

In addition to that, you need to define a TemplateResolver implementation to load views from different locations. In other words, You need to tell Spring Boot to load template views from the database.

@Component
public class DatabaseTemplateResolver extends StringTemplateResolver {
    private static final Logger logger = getLogger(DatabaseTemplateResolver.class);
    final
    private TemplateRepository templateRepository;

    public DatabaseTemplateResolver(TemplateRepository templateRepository) {
        this.templateRepository = templateRepository;
        this.setResolvablePatterns(Collections.singleton("db-*"));
        this.setCacheTTLMs(5*60*1000L);
        this.setCacheable(true);
    }
    
    @Override
    protected ITemplateResource computeTemplateResource(IEngineConfiguration configuration, 
                            String ownerTemplate, 
                            String templateName, 
                            Map<String, Object> templateResolutionAttributes) {
        logger.info("Loading template named {} from DB", templateName);
        Template template = templateRepository.findByTemplateName(templateName);
        if (template == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return super
        .computeTemplateResource(configuration, ownerTemplate, template.getContent(), templateResolutionAttributes);
    }
}
Code language: Java (java)

Subsequently, Spring boot will pick up any Bean of type ITemplateResolver and add it to its templateEngine auto-configuration.

The constructor has three main details.

• this.setResolvablePatterns(Collections.singleton("db-*"))
  • Informs Spring Boot to use this Resolver only for the template names that start with db-
• this.setCacheable(true)
  • This line makes sure that the template not loaded from the database every time. The cache will expire only after specified TTLMs
  • Be careful with this setting. That is to say that this may negatively impact application performance.
• this.setCacheTTLMs(5*60*1000L)
  • The number of milliseconds for the cache lifecycle. Keep it too small and DB will get overloaded and, keep it large and your changes in the DB will not be updated soon enough.

In addition to that, there are few other parameters you can tweak. However, I will leave that part to you.

Database Entries for Thymeleaf Templates

I have generated a bunch of test entries in the DB.

id	template_name	content
1	db-welcome-bronze	<h1> Hello Bronze user</h1>
2	db-welcome-silver	<h1> Hello Silver user</h1>
3	db-welcome-gold	<h1> Hello Gold user</h1>
4	db-welcome-platinum	<h1> Hello Platinum user</h1>

Along with these database entries for thymeleaf views, I have made a file-based template called welcome-default.html. Its content is just <h1>Hello from file</h1>. This template will demonstrate how both types of view resolvers can coexist.

With a sample @Controller method, Let’s test the thymeleaf templates from the database.

    @RequestMapping("/welcome/{userType}")
    public String viewFromDbTemplate(@PathVariable String userType) {

        if (userType.equals("default")) {
            return "welcome-default";
        }
        return "db-welcome" + userType;
    }
Code language: Java (java)

Testing views from Database

For the above @RequestMapping, URL /welcome/default should render template welcome-default.html. And the URLs like /welcome/platinum will result in rendering views from DB. Let’s test these.

$ curl -X GET "http://localhost:8080/welcome/gold"

HTTP/1.1 200 
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Content-Language: en-US
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Wed, 09 Sep 2020 15:45:37 GMT
Keep-Alive: timeout=60
Connection: keep-alive

<h1> Hello Gold user</h1>


$ curl -X GET "http://localhost:8080/welcome/default"

HTTP/1.1 200 
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Content-Language: en-US
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Wed, 09 Sep 2020 15:45:37 GMT
Keep-Alive: timeout=60
Connection: keep-alive

<h1>Hello from file</h1>
Code language: Java (java)

Conclusion

To summarize, We learned how to load thymeleaf views from the database. If you liked this article, you may also be interested in the following write-ups.

• Spring Session using Redis
• Thymeleaf Form Handling in Spring Boot
• Thymeleaf Expressions in Spring Boot
• H2 Database for Spring Boot

You can check out this example from our GitHub Repository